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‌SPECIFICATIONS‌

FASTENER SPECIFICATIONS

SUSPENSION

Front Suspension - Volt

Single Use Threaded Fastener/Component Tightening Specifications

Reusable Threaded Fastener Tightening Specifications

ADHESIVES, FLUIDS, LUBRICANTS, AND SEALERS

REPAIR INSTRUCTIONS

STABILIZER SHAFT REPLACEMENT

Special Tools

EN-45059 Torque Angle Meter Equivalent regional tools: Special Tools Removal Procedure

Fig. 1: Drivetrain And Front Suspension Cradle Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

1. Remove Drivetrain and Front Suspension Cradle (1)Drivetrain and Front Suspension Cradle Replacement

Fig. 2: Front Stabilizer Shaft And Insulator Clamp Bolts Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

2. Remove Front Stabilizer Shaft Insulator Clamp Bolt (1) DISCARD the bolts.

3. Remove the front stabilizer shaft (2) from the drivetrain and front suspension cradle.

Installation Procedure

Fig. 3: Front Stabilizer Shaft And Insulator Clamp Bolts Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

1. Position the front stabilizer shaft (2) on the drivetrain and front suspension cradle.

CAUTION: This vehicle is equipped with torque-to-yield or single use fasteners.

Install a NEW torque-to-yield or single use fastener when installing this component. Failure to replace the torque-to-yield or single use fastener could cause damage to the vehicle or component.

2. Install Front Stabilizer Shaft Insulator Clamp Bolt (1) Install NEW bolts.

CAUTION: Refer to Fastener Caution .

3. Use the EN-45059 meter to tighten the front stabilizer shaft insulator clamp bolts (1).

Tighten

1. First Pass: 22 N.m (16 lb ft)

2. Final Pass: (30 - 45 degrees)

Fig. 4: Drivetrain And Front Suspension Cradle Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

4. Install Drivetrain and Front Suspension Cradle (1)Drivetrain and Front Suspension Cradle Replacement

5. Measure and adjust the wheel alignment. Wheel Alignment Measurement

STABILIZER SHAFT LINK REPLACEMENT

Fig. 5: Stabilizer Shaft Link

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

FRONT WHEEL BEARING AND HUB REPLACEMENT

Special Tools

EN-45059 Torque Angle Meter Equivalent regional tools: Special Tools Removal Procedure

1. Remove the front tire and wheel assembly. Tire and Wheel Removal and Installation

Fig. 6: Front Wheel Drive Shaft

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

2. Separate Front Wheel Drive Shaft (1) @Front Wheel Bearing and Hub Assembly Front Wheel Drive Shaft Replacement

Fig. 7: Front Brake Rotor

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

3. Remove Front Brake Rotor (1)Front Brake Rotor Replacement

Fig. 8: Front Wheel Speed Sensor

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

4. Remove Front Wheel Speed Sensor (1) @Steering Knuckle Front Wheel Speed Sensor Replacement

Fig. 9: Front Wheel Bearing and Hub Assembly Bolts Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

5. Remove Front Wheel Bearing and Hub Assembly Bolt (1)

Fig. 10: Front Wheel Bearing And Hub Assembly Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

6. Remove the front wheel bearing and hub assembly (1) from the vehicle.

Installation Procedure

NOTE: Avoid applying grease to any other machined surfaces, holes, or threads.

Ensure the drain channel at the bottom of the bore is not blocked with grease or debris.

1. Apply grease evenly and ensure complete coverage to the steering knuckle bearing pilot bore only.

Adhesives, Fluids, Lubricants, and Sealers

Fig. 11: Front Wheel Bearing And Hub Assembly Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

2. Position the front wheel bearing and hub assembly (1) on the vehicle.

Fig. 12: Front Wheel Bearing and Hub Assembly Bolts Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

CAUTION: Refer to Fastener Caution .

3. Install Front Wheel Bearing and Hub Assembly Bolt (1)

4. Use the EN-45059 meter to tighten the front wheel bearing and hub assembly bolts (1).

Tighten

1. First Pass: 100 N.m (74 lb ft)

2. Final Pass: (15 - 30 degrees)

Fig. 13: Front Wheel Speed Sensor

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

5. Install Front Wheel Speed Sensor (1) @Steering Knuckle Front Wheel Speed Sensor Replacement

Fig. 14: Front Brake Rotor

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

6. Install Front Brake Rotor (1)Front Brake Rotor Replacement

Fig. 15: Front Wheel Drive Shaft

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

7. Install Front Wheel Drive Shaft (1) @Front Wheel Bearing and Hub Assembly Front Wheel Drive Shaft Replacement

8. Install the front tire and wheel assembly. Tire and Wheel Removal and Installation

STEERING KNUCKLE REPLACEMENT

Removal Procedure

1. Remove the front tire and wheel assembly. Tire and Wheel Removal and Installation

Fig. 16: Front Wheel Bearing and Hub Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

2. Remove Front Wheel Bearing and Hub Assembly (1)Front Wheel Bearing and Hub Replacement

Fig. 17: Steering Linkage Outer Tie Rod Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

3. Separate Steering Linkage Outer Tie Rod (1) @Steering Knuckle Steering Linkage Outer Tie Rod Replacement

Fig. 18: Strut Assembly

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

4. Separate Strut Assembly (1) @Steering Knuckle Strut Assembly Removal and Installation

Fig. 19: Front Lower Control Arm

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

5. Separate Front Lower Control Arm (1) @Steering Knuckle Lower Control Arm Replacement

Fig. 20: Steering Knuckle

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

6. Remove the steering knuckle (1) from the vehicle.

Installation Procedure

Fig. 21: Steering Knuckle

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

1. Position the steering knuckle (1) on the vehicle.

Fig. 22: Front Lower Control Arm

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

2. Install Front Lower Control Arm (1) @Steering Knuckle Lower Control Arm Replacement

Fig. 23: Strut Assembly

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

3. Install Strut Assembly (1) @Steering Knuckle Strut Assembly Removal and Installation

Fig. 24: Steering Linkage Outer Tie Rod Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

4. Install Steering Linkage Outer Tie Rod (1) @Steering Knuckle Steering Linkage Outer Tie Rod Replacement

Fig. 25: Front Wheel Bearing and Hub Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

5. Install Front Wheel Bearing and Hub Assembly (1) Front Wheel Bearing and Hub Replacement

6. Install the front tire and wheel assembly. Tire and Wheel Removal and Installation

LOWER CONTROL ARM REPLACEMENT

Special Tools

CH-42188-B Ball Joint Separator

EN-45059 Torque Angle Meter

Equivalent regional tools:Special Tools

Removal Procedure

1. Remove the front tire and wheel assembly. Tire and Wheel Removal and Installation

Fig. 26: Steering Knuckle Nut

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

2. Loosen Steering Knuckle Nut (1)

Fig. 27: Special Tool And Front Lower Control Arm Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

3. Use the CH-42188-B separator (1) to separate the front lower control arm (2) from the steering knuckle.

Fig. 28: Steering Knuckle Nut

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

4. Remove Steering Knuckle Nut (1)

Fig. 29: Front Lower Control Arm Front Bolts Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

NOTE: Some front brake and front suspension components are NOT shown for clarity only. It is NOT necessary to remove these components to service the front lower control arm.

5. Remove Front Lower Control Arm Front Bolt (1) DISCARD the bolts.

Fig. 30: Front Lower Control Arm Rear Nuts And Bolts Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

NOTE: Some front brake and front suspension components are NOT shown for clarity only. It is NOT necessary to remove these components to service the front lower control arm.

6. Remove Front Lower Control Arm Rear Nut (1)

7. Remove Front Lower Control Arm Rear Bolt (2) DISCARD the bolts.

Fig. 31: Front Lower Control Arm

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

8. Remove the front lower control arm (1) from the vehicle.

9. Transfer components as necessary.

Installation Procedure

Fig. 32: Front Lower Control Arm

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

1. Position the front lower control arm (1) on the vehicle.

Fig. 33: Front Lower Control Arm Rear Nuts And Bolts Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

CAUTION: This vehicle is equipped with torque-to-yield or single use fasteners.

Install a NEW torque-to-yield or single use fastener when installing this component. Failure to replace the torque-to-yield or single use fastener could cause damage to the vehicle or component.

2. Install Front Lower Control Arm Rear Bolt (2) Install NEW bolts.

3. Install Front Lower Control Arm Rear Nut (1), but do NOT tighten

Fig. 34: Front Lower Control Arm Front Bolts Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

4. Install Front Lower Control Arm Front Bolt (1)but do NOT tighten

Install NEW bolts.

Fig. 35: Front Lower Control Arm Rear Nuts And Bolts Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

CAUTION: Refer to Fastener Caution .

5. Use the EN-45059 meter to tighten the front lower control arm rear nuts. (1)

Tighten

1. First Pass: 100 N.m (74 lb ft)

2. Final Pass: (30 - 45 degrees)

Fig. 36: Front Lower Control Arm Front Bolts Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

6. Use the EN-45059 meter to tighten the front lower control arm front bolts.(1)

Tighten

1. First Pass: 100 N.m (74 lb ft)

2. Final Pass: (45 - 60 degrees)

Fig. 37: Steering Knuckle Nut

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

7. Install Steering Knuckle Nut (1)

8. Use the EN-45059 meter to tighten the steering knuckle nut.(1)

Tighten

1. First Pass: 35 N.m (26 lb ft)

2. Final Pass: (30 - 45 degrees)

9. Install the front tire and wheel assembly. Tire and Wheel Removal and Installation

10. Measure and adjust the wheel alignment. Wheel Alignment Measurement

FRONT LOWER CONTROL ARM REAR BUSHING REPLACEMENT

Fig. 38: Front Lower Control Arm Rear Bushing Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

WHEEL STUD REPLACEMENT

Special Tools

CH-43631 Ball Joint Separator Equivalent regional tools: Special Tools Removal Procedure

1. Remove Front Wheel Bearing and Hub Assembly Front Wheel Bearing and Hub Replacement

Fig. 39: Separator And Wheel Stud

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

2. Use the CH-43631 separator (1) to remove the wheel stud (2) from the flange on the hub assembly.

DISCARD the stud.

Installation Procedure

Fig. 40: Wheel Stud, Flat Washers And Wheel Nut Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

1. Position the NEW wheel stud (1) in the flange on the hub assembly.

2. Install flat washers (2) and an OLD wheel nut (3) on the wheel stud.

3. Use a suitable tool to prevent the flange on the hub assembly from rotating.

4. Tighten the wheel nut until the wheel stud is firmly seated.

5. Remove the wheel nut and flat washers.

6. Install Front Wheel Bearing and Hub Assembly Front Wheel Bearing and Hub Replacement

STRUT AND SHOCK ABSORBER INSPECTION

NOTE: The strut assembly DOES NOT have to be removed from the vehicle to perform the following inspection procedure.

NOTE: A light film of oil on the top portion of the strut is normal. DO NOT replace the strut for this condition.

Fig. 41: Strut and Shock Absorber Inspection Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

Condition 1

Oil or fluid residue only on the bottom of the strut tube or on other strut components and not originating from the shaft seal, is not a strut related problem. DO NOT replace the strut, look for other external leaks.

Condition 2

Light film/residue on the strut tube, but not on the spring seat and originating from the shaft seal, is a NORMAL condition. DO NOT replace the strut.

Condition 3

Oil drip or trail down the strut tube and originating from the shaft seal, is an ABNORMAL condition. Replace the strut.

Condition 4

Extreme wet film of oil covering the strut tube and pooling in the spring seat and originating from the shaft seal, is an ABNORMAL condition. Replace the strut.

Inspection

1. Verify the customer's concern is present. If the concern is present, continue to the next step. If the concern is not present, then the vehicle is operating normally.

NOTE: The strut assembly DOES NOT have to be removed from the vehicle to perform the following inspection procedure.

2. Raise and support the vehicle. Refer to Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle .

3. Visually inspect each of the shock absorbers or struts for external fluid leaks. Refer to the following conditions 1, 2, 3, and 4 for visual inspection.

If conditions 1 or 2 are found, continue to step 4.

If conditions 3 or 4 are found, replace strut. Refer to Strut Replacement.

4. If equipped with electronic suspension control system, ensure that the system is working properly. Refer to Diagnostic Starting Point-Electronic Suspension Control.

5. Use your hands in order to lift up and push down on each corner of the vehicle 3 times. Remove your hands from the vehicle. If the corner motion exceeds 2 cycles, replace the strut. If the strut does not exceed 2 cycles, NO repair is necessary.

STRUT ASSEMBLY REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION

Special Tools

EN-45059 Torque Angle Meter Equivalent regional tools: Special Tools Removal Procedure

1. Remove Air Inlet Grille Panel Air Inlet Grille Panel Replacement

2. Raise and support the vehicle. Lifting and Jacking the Vehicle

Fig. 42: Front Wheel Speed Sensor Grommet Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

3. Remove Front Wheel Speed Sensor Grommet (1) @Strut Assembly Front Wheel Speed Sensor Replacement

Fig. 43: Front Stabilizer Shaft Link

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

4. Separate Front Stabilizer Shaft Link (1) @Strut Assembly Stabilizer Shaft Link Replacement

Fig. 44: Steering Knuckle Nuts And Bolts Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

5. Remove Steering Knuckle Nut (1)

6. Remove Steering Knuckle Bolt (2) DISCARD the bolts.

Fig. 45: Front Suspension Strut Mount Fasteners Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

7. Remove the plugs that cover the front suspension strut mount fasteners. (1)

Fig. 46: Front Suspension Strut Mount Bolts And Nut Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

8. Remove Front Suspension Strut Mount Bolt (1) DISCARD the bolts.

NOTE: If the front strut assembly has been replaced previously, a third front suspension strut mount bolt may be present instead of a front suspension strut mount nut.

If a third front suspension strut mount bolt is present, DISCARD the bolt along with the other two front suspension strut mount bolts as in the previous removal step.

9. Remove Front Suspension Strut Mount Nut (2) DISCARD the nut.

Fig. 47: Front Suspension Strut Assembly Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

10. Remove the front suspension strut assembly (1) from the vehicle.

Fig. 48: Front Suspension Strut Mount Stud Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

NOTE: The front suspension strut assembly comes from the factory with a stud in one of the front suspension strut mount holes that is used in the factory to align the assembly. The stud is torque-to-yield and should NOT be reused.

When reinstalling the front suspension strut assembly, engineering recommends removing the stud from the front suspension strut mount and replacing it with a third bolt. The bolt is the same part number as the other two mount bolts.

11. Remove Front Suspension Strut Mount Stud DISCARD the stud.

Installation Procedure

Fig. 49: Front Suspension Strut Assembly Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

1. Position the front suspension strut assembly (1) on the vehicle.

Fig. 50: Front Suspension Strut Mount Bolts Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

CAUTION: This vehicle is equipped with torque-to-yield or single use fasteners.

Install a NEW torque-to-yield or single use fastener when installing this component. Failure to replace the torque-to-yield or single use fastener could cause damage to the vehicle or component.

2. Install Front Suspension Strut Mount Bolt (1) Install NEW bolts.

CAUTION: Refer to Fastener Caution .

3. Use the EN-45059 meter to tighten the front suspension strut mount bolts.(1)

Tighten

1. First Pass: 22 N.m (16 lb ft)

2. Final Pass: (30 - 45 degrees)

Fig. 51: Front Suspension Strut Mount Fasteners Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

4. Install the plugs that cover the front suspension strut mount fasteners.(1)

Fig. 52: Steering Knuckle Nuts And Bolts Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

5. Install Steering Knuckle Bolt (2) Install NEW bolts.

6. Install Steering Knuckle Nut (1)

7. Use the EN-45059 meter to tighten the steering knuckle nuts.(1)

Tighten

1. First Pass: 100 N.m (74 lb ft)

2. Final Pass: (45 - 60 degrees)

Fig. 53: Front Stabilizer Shaft Link

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

8. Install Front Stabilizer Shaft Link (1) @Strut Assembly Stabilizer Shaft Link Replacement

Fig. 54: Front Wheel Speed Sensor Grommet Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

9. Install Front Wheel Speed Sensor Grommet (1) @Strut Assembly Front Wheel Speed Sensor Replacement

10. Install Air Inlet Grille Panel Air Inlet Grille Panel Replacement

11. Measure and adjust the wheel alignment. Wheel Alignment Measurement

SUSPENSION STRUT DISPOSAL

Fig. 55: Drilling Hole In Strut At Center Of End Cap Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

WARNING: Use the proper eye protection when drilling to prevent metal chips from causing physical injury.

1. Clamp the strut in a vise horizontally with the rod (1) completely extended.

2. Drill a hole in the strut at the center of the end cap (3) using a 5 mm (3/16 in) drill bit. Gas or a gas/oil mixture will exhaust when the drill bit penetrates the strut. Use shop towels in order to contain the escaping oil.

3. Remove the strut from the vise.

4. Hold the strut over a drain pan vertically with the hole down.

5. Move the rod (1) in and out of the tube (2) to completely drain the oil from the strut.

STRUT, STRUT COMPONENT, OR SPRING REPLACEMENT

Fig. 56: Strut, Strut Component or Spring Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

FRONT SUSPENSION DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

The front suspension has 2 primary purposes:

Isolate the driver from irregularities in the road surface.

Define the ride and handling characteristics of the vehicle.

The front suspension absorbs the impact of the tires travelling over irregular road surfaces and dissipates this energy throughout the suspension system. This process isolates the vehicle occupants from the road surface. The rate at which the suspension dissipates the energy and the amount of energy that is absorbed is how the suspension defines the vehicles ride characteristics. Ride characteristics are designed into the suspension system and are not adjustable. The ride characteristics are mentioned in this description in order to aid in the understanding of the functions of the suspension system. The suspension system must allow for the vertical movement of the tire and wheel assembly as the vehicle travels over irregular road surfaces while maintaining the tire's horizontal relationship to the road.

This requires that the steering knuckle be suspended between a lower control arm and a strut assembly. The lower control arm attaches from the steering knuckle at the outermost point of the control arm. The attachment is through a ball and socket type joint. The innermost end of the control arm attached at 2 points to the vehicle frame through semi-rigid bushings. The upper portion of the steering knuckle is attached to a strut assembly.

The strut assembly then connects to the vehicle body by way of an upper bearing. The steering knuckle is allowed to travel up and down independent of the vehicle body structure and frame.

This up and down motion of the steering knuckle as the vehicle travels over bumps is absorbed predominantly by the coil spring. This spring is retained under tension over the strut assembly. A strut is used in conjunction with this system in order to dampen out the oscillations of the coil spring. A strut is a basic hydraulic cylinder. The strut is filled with oil and has a moveable shaft that connects to a piston inside the strut. Valves inside the shock absorber offer resistance to oil flow and consequently inhibit rapid movement of the piston and shaft.

Each end of the shock absorber is connected in such a fashion to utilize this recoil action of a spring alone. Each end of the strut is designed as the connection point of the suspension system to the vehicle and acts as the coil spring seat. This allows the strut to utilize the dampening action to reduce the recoil of a spring alone. The

lower control arm is allowed to pivot at the vehicle frame in a vertical fashion. The ball joint allows the steering knuckle to maintain the perpendicular relationship to the road surface.

Front suspensions systems utilize a stabilizer shaft. The stabilizer bar connects between the left and right lower control arm assemblies through the stabilizer link and stabilizer shaft insulators. This bar controls the amount of independent movement of the suspension when the vehicle turns. Limiting the independent movement defines the vehicles handling characteristics on turns.

SPECIAL TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

SPECIAL TOOLS

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