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STEERING

Steering Wheel and Column - Volt

SPECIFICATIONS

FASTENER SPECIFICATIONS

Single Use Threaded Fastener/Component Tightening Specifications

Reusable Threaded Fastener Tightening Specifications

ADHESIVES, FLUIDS, LUBRICANTS, AND SEALERS

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SCHEMATIC WIRING DIAGRAMS

STEERING WHEEL WIRING SCHEMATICS

Heated Steering Wheel (UVD)

Fig. 1: Heated Steering Wheel (UVD)

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION AND PROCEDURES

SYMPTOMS - STEERING WHEEL AND COLUMN

Review the system description and operation in order to familiarize yourself with the system functions. Refer to

Steering Wheel and Column Description and Operation.

Visual/Physical Inspection

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Inspect for aftermarket devices which could affect the operation of the steering wheel and column.

Inspect the easily accessible or visible system components for obvious damage or conditions which could cause the symptom.

Symptoms List

Refer to a symptom diagnostic procedure from the following list in order to diagnose the symptom:

Steering Column Tilt Function Inoperative Noise in Steering Column

Looseness in Steering Column

HEATED STEERING WHEEL INDICATOR MALFUNCTION

Diagnostic Instructions

Perform the Diagnostic System Check - Vehicle prior to using this diagnostic procedure. Review Strategy Based Diagnosis for an overview of the diagnostic approach.

Refer to Diagnostic Procedure Instructions to provide an overview of each diagnostic category.

Diagnostic Fault Information

Circuit/System Description

The Steering Wheel Heating Control Module controls the heated steering wheel and the heated steering wheel ON indicator based on an input from the heated steering wheel switch. When the heated steering wheel switch is pressed, the switch signal circuit is pulled to ground. This indicates to the heating steering wheel control module that steering wheel heat is requested. When the request is seen, the heated steering module supplies voltage to the indicator lamp and supplies voltage to the heating elements, which are internal to the steering wheel.

Reference Information

Schematic Reference

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Steering Wheel Schematics

Connector End View Reference

COMPONENT CONNECTOR END VIEWS - INDEX

Description and Operation

Steering Wheel and Column Description and Operation

Electrical Information Reference

Circuit Testing

Connector Repairs

Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections Wiring Repairs

Circuit/System Verification

1. Ignition ON.

2. Verify the S70L Steering Wheel Controls Switch - Left is OFF. The steering wheel heater indicator should not be illuminated and the left and right sides of the steering wheel should not be warm.

The steering wheel is always warm

Refer to Heated Steering Wheel Malfunction

The steering wheel does not become warm and the heater indicator is illuminated

Refer to Circuit/System Testing

The steering wheel does not become warm and the heater indicator is not illuminated

3. Press and release the S70L Steering Wheel Controls Switch - Left. The steering wheel heater indicator should illuminate and the left and right sides of the steering wheel should become warm.

The steering wheel does not become warm

Refer to Heated Steering Wheel Malfunction

The steering wheel becomes warm and the heater indicator does not illuminate

Refer to Circuit/System Testing

The steering wheel becomes warm and the heater indicator illuminates

4. All OK.

Circuit/System Testing

1. Ignition OFF, disconnect the X2 in-line harness connector at the K32 Heated Steering Wheel Control Module.

2. Test for less than 10 Ω between the ground circuit terminal 3 and ground.

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If 10 Ω or greater

1. Ignition OFF.

2. Test for less than 2 Ω in the ground circuit end to end.

If 2 Ω or greater, repair the open/high resistance in the circuit.

If less than 2 Ω, repair the open/high resistance in the ground connection.

If less than 10 Ω

3. Ignition ON.

4. Verify a test lamp illuminates between the ignition voltage circuit terminal 9 and ground.

If the test lamp does not illuminate and the circuit fuse is good

1. Ignition OFF, remove the test lamp.

2. Test for less than 2 Ω in the ignition circuit end to end.

If less than 2 Ω, verify the fuse is OK and there is voltage at the fuse. Refer to Power Mode Mismatch .

If 2 Ω or greater

3. Verify the in-line fuse is OK and there is voltage at the fuse.

If the in-line fuse is blown, replace the K32 Steering Wheel Heating Control Module. If the in-line fuse is OK, repair the open/high resistance in the circuit.

If the test lamp does not illuminate and the circuit fuse is open

1. Ignition OFF.

2. Test for infinite resistance between the ignition voltage circuit and ground.

If less than infinite resistance, repair the short to ground on the circuit.

If infinite resistance, replace the K32 Steering Wheel Heating Control Module.

If the test lamp illuminates

5. Ignition OFF, connect the X2 in-line harness connector. Disconnect the harness connector at the S70L Steering Wheel Control Switch - Left. Ignition ON.

6. Verify a test lamp illuminates between the signal voltage circuit terminal 4 and ground.

If the test lamp does not illuminate

1. Ignition OFF, disconnect the harness connector at the S70R Steering Wheel Control Switch - Right.

2. Test for infinite resistance between the signal circuit and ground.

If less than infinite resistance, repair the short to ground on the circuit. If infinite resistance

3. Test for less than 2 Ω in the signal circuit end to end.

If 2 Ω or greater, repair the open/high resistance in the circuit.

If less than 2 Ω, replace the S70R Steering Wheel Control Switch - Right.

If the test lamp illuminates

7. Ignition ON.

8. Test for less than 1 V between the control circuit terminal 7 and ground.

If greater than 1 V

1. Disconnect the K32 Steering Wheel Heating Control Module harness connector.

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2. Test for less than 1 V between the control circuit terminal 2 and ground. If greater than 1 V, repair the short to voltage on the circuit.

If less than 1 V

3. Replace the K32 Steering Wheel Heating Control Module.

If infinite resistance

9. Ignition OFF.

10. Test for infinite resistance between the control circuit terminal 7 and ground.

If less than infinite resistance

1. Disconnect the K32 Steering Wheel Heating Control Module harness connector.

2. Test for infinite resistance between the signal circuit and ground.

If less than infinite resistance, repair the short to ground on the circuit. If infinite resistance

3. Replace the K32 Steering Wheel Heating Control Module.

If infinite resistance

11. Install a 3 A fused jumper wire between the ground circuit terminal 7 and ground. Ignition ON.

12. Verify the steering wheel heat indicator is illuminated.

If the steering wheel heat indicator does not illuminate

1. Disconnect the K32 Steering Wheel Heating Control Module harness connector.

2. Test for less than 2 Ω in the signal circuit end to end.

If 2 Ω or greater, repair the open/high resistance in the circuit. Replace the S70L Steering Wheel Control Switch - Left

If the steering wheel heat indicator illuminates

13. Replace the K32 Steering Wheel Heating Control Module.

Repair Instructions

Perform the Diagnostic Repair Verification after completing the repair Refer to Cruise Control Switch Replacement

Refer to Control Module References for control module replacement, programming and setup

HEATED STEERING WHEEL MALFUNCTION

Diagnostic Instructions

Perform the Diagnostic System Check - Vehicle prior to using this diagnostic procedure. Review Strategy Based Diagnosis for an overview of the diagnostic approach.

Refer to Diagnostic Procedure Instructions to provide an overview of each diagnostic category.

Diagnostic Fault Information

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Circuit/System Description

The heated steering wheel control module controls the heated steering wheel and the heated steering wheel ON indicator based on an input from the heated steering wheel switch. When the heated steering wheel switch is pressed, the switch signal circuit is pulled to ground. This indicates to the heating steering wheel control module that steering wheel heat is requested. When the request is seen, the heated steering wheel control module supplies voltage to the indicator lamp and supplies voltage to the heating elements, which are internal to the steering wheel.

Diagnostic Aids

Before replacing the steering wheel for complaints of not getting hot enough, a reliable infrared temperature gun should be used to measure the temperature at various points around the rim. The steering wheel's normal operating temperature is 32°C (89.6°F) and takes approximately 10 min to reach that temperature. It may take up to 20 min for the normal operating temperature to stabilize within the steering wheel rim. There may be spike in temperature during the first 3 - 4 min before it stabilizes at normal operating temperature. The steering wheel will take longer to heat up if the vehicle temperature is below

-21°C (-5.8°F). The steering wheel heater will not operate when the steering wheel temperature is above 32°C (89.6°F).

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Fig. 2: Steering Wheel Rim Infrared Measurement Point Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

The infrared measurements are made at the rim (1) at the 3 and 9 o'clock positions of the steering wheel.

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Fig. 3: Temperature Measurements Should Not Be Made On Face Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

The wood sections and the stitching are not heated. Temperature measurements should not be made on the face (1) to insure accurate temperature readings.

Reference Information

Schematic Reference

Steering Wheel Schematics

Connector End View Reference

COMPONENT CONNECTOR END VIEWS - INDEX

Description and Operation

Steering Wheel and Column Description and Operation

.

Electrical Information Reference

Circuit Testing

Connector Repairs

Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections Wiring Repairs

Circuit/System Verification

Using an Infrared Temperature Gun

1. Engine running, all accessories OFF.

2. Verify the steering wheel heater switch is OFF and the steering wheel heater indicator should not be illuminated.

If the heater indicator is illuminated

Refer to Heated Steering Wheel Indicator Malfunction

If the heater indicator is not illuminated

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Fig. 4: Steering Wheel Rim Infrared Measurement Point Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

NOTE: The Infrared Temperature Gun should be within 50.8 mm (2 in) and parallel to the steering wheel rim when taking temperature readings.

3. Measure the temperature readings at the 3 and 9 o'clock positions on the steering wheel rim (1).

4. Verify that the steering wheel temperature is 25°C (77°F) or below.

If the steering wheel temperature is greater than 25°C (77°F)

Allow the steering wheel to cool before proceeding to next step.

If the steering wheel temperature is 25°C (77°F) or below

5. Press and release the steering wheel heater switch. The steering wheel heater indicator should illuminate. Allow the steering wheel to heat for a minimum of 10 min so that the temperature stabilizes.

If the heater indicator does not illuminate

Refer to Heated Steering Wheel Indicator Malfunction

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If the heater indicator illuminates

Fig. 5: Steering Wheel Rim Infrared Measurement Point Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

NOTE: The Infrared Temperature Gun should be within 50.8 mm (2 in) and parallel to the steering wheel rim when taking temperature readings.

6. Measure the temperature readings at the 3 and 9 o'clock positions on the steering wheel rim (1).

7. Verify that the steering wheel temperature is greater than 28°C (82.4°F) within 20 min.

If after 20 minutes the measured temperature is less than 28°C (82.4°F)

Refer to Circuit System Testing.

If after 20 minutes the measured temperature is 28°C (82.4°F) or greater

8. All OK.

Circuit/System Testing

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1. Ignition OFF, disconnect the X2 in-line harness connector at the K32 Heated Steering Wheel Control Module.

2. Test for less than 10 Ω between the ground circuit terminal 3 and ground.

If 10 Ω or greater

1. Ignition OFF.

2. Test for less than 2 Ω in the ground circuit end to end.

If 2 Ω or greater, repair the open/high resistance in the circuit.

If less than 2 Ω, repair the open/high resistance in the ground connection.

If less than 10 Ω

3. Ignition ON.

4. Verify a test lamp illuminates between the ignition voltage circuit terminal 9 and ground.

If the test lamp does not illuminate and the circuit fuse is good

1. Ignition OFF, remove the test lamp.

2. Test for less than 2 Ω in the ignition circuit end to end.

If less than 2 Ω, verify the fuse is OK and there is voltage at the fuse. Refer to Power Mode Mismatch .

If 2 Ω or greater

3. Verify the in-line fuse is OK and there is voltage at the fuse.

If the in-line fuse is blown, replace the K32 Steering Wheel Heating Control Module. If the in-line fuse is OK, repair the open/high resistance in the circuit.

If the test lamp does not illuminate and the circuit fuse is open

1. Ignition OFF.

2. Test for infinite resistance between the ignition voltage circuit and ground.

If less than infinite resistance, repair the short to ground on the circuit.

If infinite resistance, replace the K32 Steering Wheel Heating Control Module.

If the test lamp illuminates

5. Ignition OFF, connect the in-line harness connector X2. Disconnect the harness connector at the S70L Steering Wheel Controls Switch - Left.

6. Test for less than 10 Ω between the ground circuit terminal 1 and ground.

If 10 Ω or greater

1. Ignition OFF.

2. Test for less than 2 Ω in the ground circuit end to end.

If 2 Ω or greater, repair the open/high resistance in the circuit.

If less than 2 Ω, repair the open/high resistance in the ground connection.

If less than 10 Ω

7. Ignition ON.

8. Test for B+ between the signal circuit terminal 8 and ground.

If less than B+

1. Ignition OFF, disconnect the in-line harness connector at the S70L Steering Wheel Controls Switch

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- Left.

2. Test for infinite resistance between the control circuit and ground.

If less than infinite resistance, repair the short to ground on the circuit. If infinite resistance

3. Test for less than 2 Ω in the control circuit end to end.

If 2 Ω or greater, repair the open/high resistance in the circuit.

If less than 2 Ω, replace the K32 Steering Wheel Heating Control Module.

If B+

9. Ignition OFF, disconnect the harness connector at the K32 Heated Steering Wheel Control Module.

10. Ignition ON.

11. Test for less than 1 V between the signal circuit terminal 1 and ground.

If greater than 1 V

Repair the short to voltage on the circuit.

If less than 1 V

12. Ignition OFF, connect the harness connector at the K32 Heated Steering Wheel Control Module.

13. Place the S70L Steering Wheel Controls Switch - Left in the OFF position.

14. Test for infinite resistance between terminal 8 and terminal 1 at the S70L Steering Wheel Controls Switch

- Left.

If less than infinite resistance

Replace the S70L Steering Wheel Controls Switch - Left.

If infinite resistance

15. Place the S70L Steering Wheel Controls Switch - Left in the ON position.

16. Test for less than 40 Ω between terminal 8 and terminal 1.

If 40 Ω or greater

Replace the S70L Steering Wheel Controls Switch - Left

If less than 40 Ω

17. Disconnect the in-line harness connector at the E15 Steering Wheel Heater.

18. Test for less than 10 Ω between the ground circuit terminal 4 at the K32 Steering Wheel Heating Control Module and ground.

If 10 Ω or greater

Repair the open/high resistance in the circuit.

If less than 10 Ω

19. Test for 1.5 - 3.0 Ω between the signal terminal 3 and the ground terminal 4 at the E15 Steering Wheel Heater.

If not within the specified range

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Replace the E15 Steering Wheel Heater.

If within the specified range

20. Test for 9 - 11k Ω between the control circuit terminal 2 and the ground terminal 1 on the E15 Steering Wheel Heater.

If not within the specified range

Replace the E15 Steering Wheel Heater.

If within the specified range

21. Replace the K32 Steering Wheel Heating Control Module.

Repair Instructions

Perform the Diagnostic Repair Verification after completing the repair.

Refer to Cruise Control Switch Replacement

Refer to Steering Wheel Replacement

Refer to Control Module References for control module replacement, programming and setup.

STEERING COLUMN TILT FUNCTION INOPERATIVE

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NOISE IN STEERING COLUMN

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LOOSENESS IN STEERING COLUMN

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REPAIR INSTRUCTIONS

WIRE TO WIRE REPAIR - STEERING

Special Tools

EL-38125-10 Splice Sleeve Crimping Tool (non GMNA)

J-38125-5A Ultra Torch Special Tool

J-38125-8 Splice Sleeve Crimping Tool (GMNA)

For equivalent regional tools, refer to Special Tools .

WARNING: In order to reduce the risk of personal injury, loss of high voltage isolation to ground and higher system impedance, do not attempt to repair any HV wiring, connector, or terminal that is damaged. High voltage coaxial type cables are not repairable. Never attempt to repair a coaxial type cable. The entire cable/harness or component must be replaced. In order to maintain system integrity and personal safety, never attempt to repair any high voltage wiring, cables, or terminals. Performing this procedure on high voltage circuits may result in serious injury or death.

NOTE: If the wiring harness internal to the transmission is damaged, the wiring

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harness must be replaced. The use of splice sleeves in an attempt to repair the internal transmission wires, connectors, or terminals could result in performance issues.

NOTE: Do not splice wires in Door Harness Grommets.

NOTE: The DuraSeal splice sleeves have the following 2 critical features:

A special heat shrink sleeve environmentally seals the splice. The heat shrink sleeve contains a sealing adhesive inside.

A cross hatched (knurled) core crimp provides the necessary low resistance contact integrity for these sensitive, low energy circuits.

Use only DuraSeal splice sleeves to form a one-to-one splice on all types of insulation except high voltage and specialty cables. Use DuraSeal splice sleeves where there are special requirements such as moisture sealing.

Follow the instructions below in order to splice copper wire using DuraSeal splice sleeves.

Splice Sleeve Selection

NOTE: You must perform the following procedures in the listed order. Repeat the procedure if any wire strands are damaged. You must obtain a clean strip with all of the wire strands intact.

1. Open the harness by removing any tape:

Use a sewing seam ripper, available from sewing supply stores, in order to cut open the harness in order to avoid wire insulation damage.

Use the DuraSeal splice sleeves on all types of insulation except Tefzel and coaxial.

Do not use the crimp and DuraSeal splice sleeve to form a splice with more than 2 wires coming together.

2. Cut as little wire off the harness as possible. You may need the extra length of wire in order to change the location of a splice.

Adjust splice locations so that each splice is at least 40 mm (1.5 in) away from the other splices, harness branches, or connectors.

3. Strip the insulation:

When adding a length of wire to the existing harness, use the same size wire as the original wire.

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Perform one of the following items in order to find the correct wire size:

Find the wire on the schematic and convert to regional wiring gauge size.

If you are unsure of the wire size, begin with the largest opening in the wire stripper and work down until achieving a clean strip of the insulation.

Strip approximately 5.0 mm (0.20 in) of insulation from each wire to be spliced.

Do not nick or cut any of the strands. Inspect the stripped wire for nicks or cut strands. If the wire is damaged, repeat this procedure after removing the damaged section.

4. For high temperature wiring, slide a section of high temperature SCT1 shrink tubing down the length of wire to be spliced. Ensure that the shrink tubing will not interfere with the splice procedure.

5. Select the proper DuraSeal splice sleeve according to the wire size. Refer to the above table at the beginning of the repair procedure for the color coding of the DuraSeal splice sleeves and the crimp tool nests.

Fig. 6: Splice Sleeve Crimping Tool With 4 Crimp Nests Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

6. The EL-38125-10 splice sleeve crimping tool has four crimp nests. The largest crimp nest (4) is used for crimping 10 and 12 gauge wires. The second largest crimp nest (3) is used for crimping 14 and 16 gauge

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wires. The third largest crimp nest (2) is used for crimping 18 and 20 gauge wires. The smallest crimp nest (1) is used for crimping 22 to 26 gauge wires. The crimp nests are referenced in the table (farther above) under the crimp tool nest color.

Fig. 7: Splice Sleeve Crimping Tool With 3 Crimp Nests Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

7. The J-38125-8 splice sleeve crimping tool has three crimp nests. The largest crimp nest (3) is used for crimping 10 and 12 gauge wires. The second largest crimp nest (2) is used for crimping 14 and 16 gauge wires. The smallest crimp nest (1) is used for crimping 18 to 20 gauge wires. The crimp nests are referenced in the table (farther above) under the crimp tool nest color.

8. Use the splice sleeve crimp tool in order to position the DuraSeal splice sleeve in the proper color nest of the splice sleeve crimp tool. For the four crimp nest tool, use the three largest crimp nests to crimp the splice sleeves. For the three crimp nest tool, use all three crimp nests to crimp the splice sleeves. Use the four and three crimp tool diagrams (above) and the table (farther above) to match the splice sleeve with the correct crimp nest. The crimp tool diagram callout numbers match the numbers in the table (under crimp tool nest color).

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Fig. 8: Identifying DuraSeal Splice Sleeve Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

9. Place the DuraSeal splice sleeve in the nest. Ensure that the crimp falls midway between the end of the barrel and the stop. The sleeve has a stop (3) in the middle of the barrel (2) in order to prevent the wire (1) from going further. Close the hand crimper handles slightly in order to firmly hold the DuraSeal splice sleeve in the proper nest.

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Fig. 9: Crimped DuraSeal Splice Sleeve Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

10. Insert the wire into the splice sleeve barrel until the wire hits the barrel stop. Refer to Folded-Over Wire Repair for splicing wires of 0.35 mm or less (22, 24, 26 gauge sizes) and for splicing wires of different gauges.

11. Tightly close the handles of the crimp tool until the crimper handles open when released.

The crimper handles will not open until you apply the proper amount of pressure to the DuraSeal splice sleeve. Repeat steps 4 and 6 for the opposite end of the splice.

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Fig. 10: Heated Splice Sleeve

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

12. Using the heat torch, apply heat to the crimped area of the barrel.

13. Start in the middle and gradually move the heat barrel to the open ends of the tubing: The tubing will shrink completely as the heat is moved along the insulation.

A small amount of sealant will come out of the end of the tubing when sufficient shrinkage is achieved.

Weatherpack™ Wiring Repair

NOTE: Some replacement pigtail connectors may be delivered without the terminated leads installed into the connector. For Weatherpack™ connectors, all terminated leads included in the package should to be installed into the connector. If the connector end view shows that a terminal is not occupied, the extra terminated lead(s) need to be installed and the end(s) sealed using a DuraSeal splice sleeve and taped back into the harness.

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1. Insert the wire into the splice sleeve barrel until the wire hits the barrel stop. Refer to Folded-Over Wire Repair for splicing wires of 0.35 mm or less (22, 24, 26 gauge sizes) and for splicing wires of different gauges.

Fig. 11: Tightly Close Handles Of Crimp Tool Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

2. Tightly close the handles of the crimp tool until the crimper handles open when released.

The crimper handles will not open until you apply the proper amount of pressure to the DuraSeal splice sleeve. Holding the DuraSeal with one hand gently tug on the wire to ensure it is crimped in the DuraSeal.

3. Using the heat torch, apply heat to the crimped area of the barrel.

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Fig. 12: Heat To Crimped Area Of Barrel Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

4. Start in the middle and gradually move the heat barrel to the open ends of the tubing: The tubing will shrink completely as the heat is moved along the insulation.

A small amount of sealant will come out of the end of the tubing when sufficient shrinkage is achieved.

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Fig. 13: Taping Extra Terminated Leads Back Into Harness Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

5. Tape the extra terminated lead(s) back into the harness.

High Temperature Wiring Repairs

Use the following procedures to perform high temperature wiring repairs:

1. Center the high temperature SCT1 shrink tube over the DuraSeal splice sleeve.

2. Using the heat torch, apply heat to the high temperature heat shrink tubing.

3. Gradually move the heat from the center to the open end of the tubing:

The tubing will shrink completely as the heat is moved along the insulation.

A small amount of sealant will come out of the end of the tubing when sufficient shrinkage is achieved.

4. Replace any reflective tape and clips that may have been removed during the repair.

CONNECTOR RECONNECTION - STEERING

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Special Tools

EL-35616 Terminal Test Probe Kit

For equivalent regional tools, refer to Special Tools .

When the condition is not currently present, but is indicated in DTC history, the cause may be intermittent. An intermittent may also be the cause when there is a customer complaint, but the symptom cannot be duplicated. Refer to the Symptom Table of the system that is suspect of causing the condition before trying to locate an intermittent condition.

Most intermittent conditions are caused by faulty electrical connections or wiring. Inspect for the following items:

Loose, corroded, or painted terminal stud/fastener Wiring broken inside the insulation

Poor connection between the male and female terminal at a connector A terminal not seated all the way into the connector body

Poor terminal to wire connection - Some conditions which fall under this description are poor crimps, poor solder joints, crimping over the wire insulation rather than the wire itself, and corrosion in the wire to terminal contact area, etc.

Pierced or damaged insulation can allow moisture to enter the wiring causing corrosion. The conductor can corrode inside the insulation, with little visible evidence. Look for swollen and stiff sections of wire in the suspect circuits.

Wiring which has been pinched, cut, or its insulation rubbed through may cause an intermittent open or short as the bare area touches other wiring or parts of the vehicle.

Wiring that comes in contact with hot or exhaust components

Refer to Inducing Intermittent Fault Conditions in order to duplicate the conditions required, in order to verify the customer concern.

Refer to Testing for Electrical Intermittents for test procedures to detect intermittent open, high resistance, short to ground, and short to voltage conditions.

Refer to Scan Tool Snapshot Procedure for advanced intermittent diagnosis and Vehicle Data Recorder operation.

Testing for Terminal Fretting

Some intermittent conditions can be caused by wire terminal fretting corrosion. Fretting corrosion is a build-up of insulating, oxidized wear debris that can form when there is a small motion between electrical contacts. The oxidized wear debris can pile up enough at the electrical contact spots that the electrical resistance across the connection increases. Movement between the contacting surfaces as small as 10 to 100 microns can cause fretting. To put this in perspective, a sheet of paper is about 100 microns thick, so fretting motion is small and hard to see. Vibration and thermal expansion/contraction are the main sources that create fretting motion. Since vehicles vibrate and can experience large temperature swings, they are a good source for fretting motion. Tin, copper, nickel, and iron surfaces are all susceptible to fretting corrosion. Fretting corrosion can be difficult to see but it looks like small, dark smudges on the terminals contact surface.

To correct a fretting condition disconnect the suspect connector and add dielectric grease/lubricant (Nyogel

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760G or equivalent, meeting GM specification 9986087) to both sides of the connector terminals. Then reconnect the connector and wipe away any excess lubricant. This will correct the additional terminal contact resistance due to the terminal fretting corrosion.

Testing for Proper Terminal Contact

It is important to test terminal contact at the component and any inline connectors before replacing a suspect component. Mating terminals must be inspected to ensure good terminal contact. A poor connection between the male and female terminal at a connector may be the result of contamination or deformation.

Contamination may be caused by the connector halves being improperly connected. A missing or damaged connector seal, damage to the connector itself, or exposing the terminals to moisture and dirt can also cause contamination. Contamination, usually in the underhood or underbody connectors, leads to terminal corrosion, causing an open circuit or intermittently open circuit.

Deformation is caused by probing the mating side of a connector terminal without the proper adapter. Always use the EL-35616 kit when probing connectors. Other causes of terminal deformation are improperly joining the connector halves, or repeatedly separating and joining the connector halves. Deformation, usually to the female terminal contact tang, can result in poor terminal contact causing an open or intermittently open circuit.

Testing for Proper Terminal Contact in Bussed Electrical Centers

It is very important to use the correct test adapter when testing for proper terminal contact of fuses and relays in a bussed electrical center. Use the EL-35616 kit to test for proper terminal contact. Failure to use the EL-35616 kit can result in improper diagnosis of the bussed electrical center.

Follow the procedure below in order to test terminal contact:

1. Separate the connector halves.

2. Visually inspect the connector halves for contamination. Contamination may result in a white or green build-up within the connector body or between terminals. This causes high terminal resistance, intermittent contact, or an open circuit. An underhood or underbody connector that shows signs of contamination should be replaced in its entirety: terminals, seals, and connector body.

3. Using an equivalent male terminal/terminated lead, verify that the retention force is significantly different between a known good terminal and the suspect terminal. Replace the female terminal in question.

Flat Wire Connectors

There are no serviceable parts for flat wire connectors on the harness side or the component side. Follow the procedure below in order to test terminal contact:

1. Remove the component in question.

2. Visually inspect each side of the connector for signs of contamination. Avoid touching either side of the connector as oil from your skin may be a source of contamination as well.

3. Visually inspect the terminal bearing surfaces of the flat wire circuits for splits, cracks, or other imperfections that could cause poor terminal contact. Visually inspect the component side connector to ensure that all of the terminals are uniform and free of damage or deformation.

4. Insert the appropriate adapter into the flat wire harness connector in order to test the circuit in question.

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Control Module/Component Voltage and Grounds

Poor voltage or ground connections can cause widely varying symptoms.

Test all control module voltage supply circuits. Many vehicles have multiple circuits supplying voltage to a control module. Other components in the system may have separate voltage supply circuits that may also need to be tested. Inspect connections at the module/component connectors, fuses, and any intermediate connections between the voltage source and the module/component. A test lamp or a DMM may indicate that voltage is present, but neither tests the ability of the circuit to carry sufficient current.

Operate the component to test the ability of the circuit to carry sufficient current. Refer to Circuit Testing

, and Power Distribution Schematics .

Test all control module ground and system ground circuits. The control module may have multiple ground circuits. Other components in the system may have separate grounds that may also need to be tested.

Inspect grounds for clean and tight connections at the grounding point (screw or stud). Inspect the connections at the component and in splice packs, where applicable. Operate the component to test the ability of the circuit to carry sufficient current. Refer to Circuit Testing , and Ground Distribution Schematics .

Temperature Sensitivity

An intermittent condition may occur when a component/connection reaches normal operating temperature. The condition may occur only when the component/connection is cold, or only when the component/connection is hot.

Freeze Frame, Failure Records, Snapshot, or Vehicle Data Recorder data may help with this type of intermittent condition, where applicable.

If the intermittent is related to heat, review the data for a relationship with the following: High ambient temperatures

Underhood/engine generated heat

Circuit generated heat due to a poor connection, or high electrical load Higher than normal load conditions, towing, etc.

If the intermittent is related to cold, review the data for the following:

Low ambient temperatures - In extremely low temperatures, ice may form in a connection or component. Inspect for water intrusion.

The condition only occurs on a cold start.

The condition goes away when the vehicle warms up.

Information from the customer may help to determine if the trouble follows a pattern that is temperature related.

If temperature is suspected of causing an intermittent fault condition, attempt to duplicate the condition.

Refer to Inducing Intermittent Fault Conditions in order to duplicate the conditions required.

Electromagnetic Interference and Electrical Noise

Some electrical components/circuits are sensitive to electromagnetic interference or other types of electrical noise. Inspect for the following conditions:

A mis-routed harness that is too close to high voltage/high current devices such as secondary ignition

.

components, motors, generator etc. - These components may induce electrical noise on a circuit that could interfere with normal circuit operation.

Electrical system interference caused by a malfunctioning relay, or a control module driven solenoid or switch - These conditions can cause a sharp electrical surge. Normally, the condition will occur when the malfunctioning component is operating.

Installation of non-factory or aftermarket add on accessories such as lights, 2-way radios, amplifiers, electric motors, remote starters, alarm systems, cell phones, etc. - These accessories may create interference in other circuits while operating and the interference would disappear when the accessory is not operating. Refer to Checking Aftermarket Accessories .

Test for an open diode across the A/C compressor clutch and for other open diodes. Some relays may contain a clamping diode.

The generator may be allowing AC noise into the electrical system.

Incorrect Control Module

There are only a few situations where reprogramming a control module is appropriate: A new service control module is installed.

A control module from another vehicle is installed.

Revised software/calibration files have been released for this vehicle.

NOTE: DO NOT re-program the control module with the SAME software/calibration files that are already present in the control module. This is not an effective repair for any type of concern.

Verify that the control module contains the correct software/calibration. If incorrect programming is found, reprogram the control module with the most current software/calibration. Refer to Control Module References for replacement, setup, and programming.

INTERMEDIATE STEERING SHAFT REPLACEMENT

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Fig. 14: Intermediate Steering Shaft

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

.

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STEERING COLUMN UPPER TRIM COVER REPLACEMENT

Fig. 15: Steering Column Upper Trim Cover Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

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STEERING COLUMN LOWER TRIM COVER REPLACEMENT

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Fig. 16: Steering Column Lower Trim Cover Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

TURN SIGNAL SWITCH REPLACEMENT

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Fig. 17: Turn Signal Switch

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

TURN SIGNAL SWITCH BRACKET REPLACEMENT

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Fig. 18: Turn Signal Switch Bracket

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

STEERING WHEEL PAD ACCESSORY WIRING HARNESS REPLACEMENT

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Fig. 19: Steering Wheel Pad Accessory Wiring Harness Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

STEERING WHEEL REPLACEMENT

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Fig. 20: Steering Wheel

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

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STEERING WHEEL SPOKE COVER REPLACEMENT

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Fig. 21: Steering Wheel Spoke Cover

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

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STEERING COLUMN REPLACEMENT

Removal Procedure

WARNING: Refer to SIR Warning .

WARNING: Refer to SIR Inflator Module Handling and Storage Warning .

1. Disable the SIR system. Refer to SIR Disabling and Enabling

2. With the vehicle in accessory mode, remove fuse to unlock the steering column lock control module. Refer to Steering Wheel Schematics

Fig. 22: Instrument Panel Knee Bolster Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

3. Remove Instrument Panel Knee Bolster (1). Refer to Instrument Panel Knee Bolster Replacement

Fig. 23: Instrument Panel Lower Airbag - Driver Side Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

.

4. Remove Instrument Panel Lower Airbag - Driver Side (1). Refer to Instrument Panel Lower Airbag Replacement - Driver Side

Fig. 24: Floor Front Air Outlet Duct - Left Side Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

5. Remove Floor Front Air Outlet Duct - Left Side (1). Refer to Floor Front Air Outlet Duct Replacement

- Left Side

Fig. 25: Steering Column Lower Trim Cover Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

NOTE: Reposition the steering column upper trim cover as necessary.

6. Remove Steering Column Lower Trim Cover (1). Refer to Steering Column Lower Trim Cover Replacement

CAUTION: With wheels of the vehicle facing straight ahead, secure the steering wheel utilizing steering column anti-rotation pin, steering column lock, or a strap

.

to prevent rotation. Locking of the steering column will prevent damage and a possible malfunction of the SIR system. The steering wheel must be secured in position before disconnecting the following components:

The steering column

The intermediate shaft(s) The steering gear

After disconnecting these components, do not rotate the steering wheel or move the front tires and wheels. Failure to follow this procedure may cause the SIR coil assembly to become un-centered and cause possible damage to the SIR coil. If you think the SIR coil has become un-centered, refer to your specific SIR coil's centering procedure to re-center SIR Coil.

7. With the steering wheel in the straight ahead position, LOCK the steering column.

Fig. 26: Intermediate Steering Shaft

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

NOTE: Place match marks on the steering column shaft and the intermediate steering shaft to aid in installation.

8. Separate Intermediate Steering Shaft (1) @ Steering Column. Refer to Intermediate Steering Shaft Replacement

9. Disconnect the steering column electrical connectors as necessary.

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Fig. 27: Steering Column Nuts

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

10. Remove Steering Column Nuts (1) (Qty: 4)

Fig. 28: Steering Column

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

CAUTION: Once the steering column is removed from the vehicle, the column is extremely susceptible to damage. Dropping the column assembly on the end could collapse the steering shaft or loosen the plastic injections, which maintain column rigidity. Leaning on the column assembly could cause the jacket to bend or deform. Any of the above damage could impair the columns collapsible design. Do NOT hammer on the end of the shaft, because hammering could loosen the plastic injections, which maintain

.

column rigidity. If you need to remove the steering wheel, refer to the Steering Wheel Replacement procedure in this section.

11. Remove the steering column (1) from the vehicle.

12. If replacing the steering column, transfer components as necessary.

13. If replacing the steering column, copy the match marks from the OLD steering column to the NEW steering column.

Installation Procedure

Fig. 29: Steering Column

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

1. Position the steering column (1) on the vehicle.

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Fig. 30: Steering Column Nuts With Tightening Sequence Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

CAUTION: Refer to Fastener Caution .

2. Install and tighten Steering Column Nuts (1) (Qty: 4) in sequence to 22 N.m (16 lb ft)

3. Connect the steering column electrical connectors.

Fig. 31: Intermediate Steering Shaft

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

4. Install Intermediate Steering Shaft (1) @ Steering Column. Refer to Intermediate Steering Shaft Replacement

Fig. 32: Steering Column Lower Trim Cover Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

5. Install Steering Column Lower Trim Cover (1). Refer to Steering Column Lower Trim Cover Replacement

.

Fig. 33: Floor Front Air Outlet Duct - Left Side Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

6. Install Floor Front Air Outlet Duct - Left Side (1). Refer to Floor Front Air Outlet Duct Replacement - Left Side

Fig. 34: Instrument Panel Lower Airbag - Driver Side Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

7. Install Instrument Panel Lower Airbag - Driver Side (1). Refer to Instrument Panel Lower Airbag Replacement - Driver Side

.

Fig. 35: Instrument Panel Knee Bolster Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

8. Install Instrument Panel Knee Bolster (1). Refer to Instrument Panel Knee Bolster Replacement

9. Install the steering column lock control module fuse.

10. Program the steering column lock control module. Refer to Control Module References

11. Center the steering angle sensor. Refer to Steering Wheel Angle Sensor Centering

STEERING COLUMN DASH INNER SEAL REPLACEMENT

Fig. 36: Steering Column Dash Inner Seal

.

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

STEERING COLUMN DASH OUTER SEAL REPLACEMENT

Removal Procedure

Fig. 37: Drivetrain And Front Suspension Cradle Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

1. Remove Drivetrain and Front Suspension Cradle (1). Refer to Drivetrain and Front Suspension Cradle Replacement

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Fig. 38: Steering Column Dash Outer Seal Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

2. Remove the steering column dash outer seal (1) from the steering gear.

Installation Procedure

Fig. 39: Steering Column Dash Outer Seal Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

NOTE: Align the slot in the steering column dash outer seal with the raised section on the steering gear.

1. Install the steering column dash outer seal (1) on the steering gear.

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Fig. 40: Drivetrain And Front Suspension Cradle Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY

2. Install Drivetrain and Front Suspension Cradle (1). Refer to Drivetrain and Front Suspension Cradle Replacement

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

STEERING WHEEL AND COLUMN DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

The steering wheel and column has 4 primary functions: Vehicle steering

Vehicle security

Driver convenience Driver safety

Vehicle Steering

The steering wheel is the first link between the driver and the vehicle. The steering wheel is fastened to a steering shaft within the column. At the lower end of the column, the intermediate shaft connects the column to the steering gear.

The steering column can be adjusted vertically and longitudinally

Vehicle Security

Theft deterrent components are mounted and designed into the steering column. The following components allow the column to be locked in order to minimize theft:

The ignition switch

The steering column lock The ignition cylinder

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The theft deterrent immobilizer module, if equipped

Driver Convenience

The steering wheel and column may also have driver controls attached for convenience and comfort. The following controls may be mounted on the steering wheel or column.

The turn signal switch

The headlamp dimmer switch The wiper/washer switch

The horn pad

The redundant radio/entertainment system controls The tilt functions

The telephone system controls The DIC controls

The cruise control functions

The automatic transmission manual setting function

Driver Safety

The steering wheel and column has safety features to protect the driver. The following components may be mounted on or near the steering column:

Energy-Absorbing Steering Column: The energy-absorbing steering column compresses in the event of a front-end collision, which reduces the chance of injury to the driver. The energy-absorbing feature, collapsible steering shaft, and break away mounting features help reduce the injury in the event of an accident.

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